Immunotherapy, or biologic therapy, utilizes substances, either made in a lab or naturally made by the body, to boost the body’s natural defences and fight cancer. Immunotherapy is meant to optimize immune system function so that the body is strong enough to do the following: Strengthen the immune system enough to eradicate existing cancer cells. Cease or stall cancer cell growth altogether. Prevent cancer from spreading to other areas of the body. Immunotherapy comes in four distinctly different types: Non-specific immunotherapies Non-specific immunotherapies-—such as interleukins and interferons—encourage the immune system kill cancer cells in collaboration with other cancer treatments (i.e., radiation, chemo) or on their own. Interleukins are typically used for melanoma (skin cancer) and kidney cancer. While interferons are the more common type to treat all other cancers. T-cell therapy T-cells exist in our immune system cells to fight infection. However, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy removes T-cells are from a cancer patient’s blood, alters them in a lab so they contain specific proteins known as receptors so they can seek out and kill cancer cells. The changed T cells are grown in large numbers in the laboratory and returned to the patient’s body. Once there, they seek out and destroy cancer cells.

What is Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition that is manifested by red, brittle patches of the skin covered with silvery scales. This condition usually attacks the scalp, knees, and elbows, but can also affect the nails, trunk, and legs. Although rarely, it can also be found in other parts of the skin. Psoriasis affects more than 130 million people worldwide and can affect people of all ages. About 7.5 million people in the United States alone have plaque psoriasis, that’s about 2% of the total population. Male and female are affected equally, but the number of Caucasians diagnosed with psoriasis is higher than that of the people of color. While this skin condition is not contagious, it is inheritable, and there is no known way to prevent it. It’s easy for people to think psoriasis as just a common physical skin condition, but it actually starts underneath the skin and can range from mild to severe. Like other chronic conditions, psoriasis can be brought about by other illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, and psoriatic arthritis. What’s more, psoriasis can also lead to other chronic conditions such as psoriatic arthritis. It is reported that 15% of people suffering from this condition develop psoriatic arthritis, a condition that is commonly mistaken for gout or rheumatoid arthritis.

In the present time, one of the most common disorders that a large number of people face in the country is that of Thyroid disorder. The disorders are related to the abnormalities of the Thyroid gland. This gland is present in your neck just below Adam’s apple. It surrounds the trachea which is also known as the windpipe. The Thyroid gland is responsible for regulating several metabolic functions of the body. It uses iodine for producing some vital hormones which are the most active in the body. Feedback mechanism process with the brain generally intrigues the work of the gland. The Hypothalamus in the brain allows the discharge of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone when the Thyroid hormone levels are low. Once the TRH is produced, the pituitary gland produces the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. This makes the Thyroid produce the T4 hormone. When the T4 mixes with the bloodstream it gets converted to T3. This is the most active hormone. There are a handful of Thyroid disorders which are caused due to abnormalities of the above-mentioned functions of the Thyroid gland. Prominent among them are Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Goiter, and Thyroid cancer. Causes of Thyroid disorders The most common cause of a disorder of the Thyroid gland is due to an imbalance in the TSH levels.

A migraine is an acute and recurring pain, often occurring in only one side of the head of an individual. It is a neurological condition which is often followed by nausea, blurred vision, and difficulty in speaking. Migraine headaches can begin in childhood and continue to persist until adulthood. It is often found that migraines are hereditary and run through families. An individual is likely to experience a migraine attack at any point in life. Thereafter, the pain can remain for as long as three to four hours or even more in some cases. Causes of a migraine There is no definite identifiable cause of a migraine yet. However, there are certain factors that contribute to the occurrence of a migraine. The factors that can trigger a migraine are bright lights, excessive stress, loud sounds, skipping meals, changes in sleep patterns, smoking, alcohol use, and unusual smells. Certain other secondary factors like traveling too much, intense physical activity, hormonal changes (in women), dehydration, changes in barometric pressure, and certain types of foods may also lead to a migraine. Symptoms of a migraine The prima facie symptom of a migraine is a headache. A person is likely to experience intense pain in the head.

Psoriasis is a long-lasting auto-immune disease that causes raised, red, scaly patches to appear on the skin. There are five types of psoriasis, namely, plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis that mostly affects the outsides of the elbows, knees or the scalp. It can vary in severity from small patches to covering the entire body. Apart from the scaly patches, it is also itchy, it burns, and stings. Psoriasis can appear anywhere from the eyelids, ears, mouth and lips, skin folds, hand, and feet, to the nails. Depending on the skin where it appears, each requires different treatments. Scalp: Psoriasis on the scalp is usually mild with some fine scaling. It can also be very severe with thick, crusted plaques that cover the entire scalp and can extend beyond the hairline onto the forehead, the back of the neck and around the ears. Face: Psoriasis on the face can be often found on the eyebrows, the skin between the nose and upper lip, the upper forehead and the hairline. Hands, feet, and nails: One must treat psoriasis on the hands and feet with proper care. Changes in nail occur for almost 50 percent of the people with psoriasis and to at least 80 percent of people with psoriatic arthritis.

A headache is a common ailment that at least 7 out of 10 people experience each year. One experiences discomfort and pain in the head, neck, and the scalp. From mild to severe pain, a headache can become unbearable and disabling. It can also be a symptom of many underlying health issues or it may even be normal due to excessive stress and anxiety. About 45 million citizens have frequent aches that create problems in concentrating at work and doing other daily chores. But luckily most of the headaches go away with medication and lifestyle changes. Headaches may occur frequently or occasionally but still, they are the most common disorder in the nervous system that afflicts half of the adult population in the country at least once a year. It is extremely annoying and painful; some pains are excruciating and feel like stabbings in the brain or poking around the eyes. Severe pains can even cause vomiting and nausea. The key to getting rid of the ache is to identify the underlying cause; if it is due to anxiety and stress then a simple medicine will help get rid of it. Also, lifestyle changes can help ease the stress and anxiety levels.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a type of behavioral disorder that is classified by behavioral changes or patterns of inattention or hyperactivity. It can affect both children and adults alike. However, in the cases of adults with ADHD, the symptoms could emerge as a person ages. Children and adults with ADHD could find it difficult to perform certain tasks or pay attention at school or work; these behaviors could affect their quality of life as well. Researchers have been unable to determine the exact cause of this condition. There are two types of criteria used for diagnosing the symptoms of ADHD, DSM-IV and ICD-10. It has, however, been found that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females. The treatment methods could differ as per the country. However, the commonly prescribed treatment options include therapies, medications, and consulting certain specialists in order to cope with the symptoms in order to enhance the sufferer’s quality of life. Risk factors of ADHD It has been found that the most important risk factor of ADHD is heredity. If any of the family members have this condition or any other mental disorders, it could increase the risk of the child or teen for developing ADHD.

Eczema is a non-contagious skin problem which mostly affects infants and kids. It is often diagnosed with the redness or itchiness in a certain part of the skin. Scratching or rubbing the affected area could lead to open pores and create cracks in the skin, thereby opening doors to various infections. Eczema can be of seven types, each having its own characteristic symptoms and causes. To prevent them, one should keep the skin moisturized, take bleach bath, prevent the skin from getting damp by taking short hot water baths, use gentle cosmetics, and avoid the triggers that can cause complications. Causes of eczema In case one or both the parents have been diagnosed with the condition, the risk of inheriting eczema becomes higher in kids. Some of the external triggers are as follows: Stress and hypertension. Chaffed dry skin. Contact with elements like synthetic fabrics, jewelry, dandruff, pollen, microbes, some food items, soap, and wool that can cause irritation. Rough detergents, plastic, rubber, latex, lotions, solvents in moisturizer, etc. Hormonal changes in women, low and high humidity, cold and hot weather and perspiration are other environmental factors the cause eczema. Symptoms of eczema The symptoms of eczema vary depending upon the age of the patient.

Dementia is known as the collective symptoms which can be caused by the cell damage in the brain. It is not a disease on its own. The older people are more prone to developing the symptoms, however; it is not directly related to aging. The main problems which a patient faces in the case of this disease are memory loss, poor communication, and mood and personality changes. The patient may suffer from depression too. Read on to know more about dementia. Causes of dementia The primary cause of dementia is the damage to the brain cells. Several triggers are present for dementia such as head injuries, brain tumors, and strokes. Dementia can happen to you even if you are 20 years old and your brain cells start damaging due to some disease. There are more chances that you lose your recent memories. The types of memory loss which are not related to aging are frequently forgetting things, forgetting the regular jobs, repetition of the sentences while talking, and a disability to keep track of every day works. Dementia is largely differentiable than normal aging because it gets worse with time. Symptoms of dementia A patient can experience the symptoms of dementia either gradually over a period of time or at once.

Liver cancer is the incessant growth of cancerous cells in the liver. It can occur because of two reasons, firstly, cancer originating in the liver, and secondly, if cancer from any other part of the body spreads and reaches the liver. The former is called primary cancer and the latter is regarded as metastasis. Therefore, if cancer has originated in the liver, then only is it termed as liver cancer. It is the largest organ of the human body and performs a number of essential functions of the same. Getting cancer in this part has proven to be fatal in many cases. Early diagnosis of this cancer is very low and thus it is only identified when cancer has advanced. Causes of liver cancer The most common cause of liver cancer is believed to be excessive alcohol intake. However, there are other reasons too. Cases of cirrhosis are also common which gives rise to liver cancer. Another frequent reason for it is Hepatitis C. Although there is no particular reason for the cause of liver cancer, the risk factors are many. For instance, people with type 2 diabetes who also have hepatitis are vulnerable to the growth of cancer in the liver.

Measles is found to be one of the most frequent infections among children in the country. It is caused by the rubeola virus and is, hence, sometimes regarded as rubeola too. The infections spread rapidly. As a result, many people in a single community are likely to have this infection. Later, they grow resistant to this. The infection lasts for about 7 to 10 days. Therefore, once a person suffers from measles, it is usually observed that the individual grows immune to it for his or her lifetime. They are very less likely to get contaminated again. Causes of Measles As mentioned before, the rubeola virus causes measles, and an infected person is likely to carry this virus in the mucous of their throat and nose. After the initial infection, the disease is contagious for the next four to five days. Thereafter, the symptoms start to develop. The prime cause of measles is an infection and it can spread through a number of ways, such as if anyone comes in contact with an infected individual. Thus, through their sneeze or a cough, it may spread easily. Symptoms of Measles The foremost symptom of measles is fever along with a cough or conjunctivitis.