
Advancements in Orthopedics
  The world of orthopedics has seen revolutionary advancements right from the very beginning. In fact, many discoveries of the mid-20th century reached fruition in the early 21st century.          One such discovery is what is called Bone Matrix Protein or BMP. In 1965  , Dr. Marshall Urist,  M  .  D  .,   discovered that decalcified bone matrix induced new bone growth. This wonder protein  ,   after a long development  ,   finally got the FDA approval for use in the mending of  non-fus  ion long bones   in the year 1975. Eventually, in   the year 2002, the  FDA gav  e its approval for rhBMP-2 for single-level spine fusion. Two years later  , the   FDA gave its clearance for  Osteogenic protein 1 P  utty for  spinal   fusion and next month approval was gran  ted   for  the  use of rhBMP-2   for the treatment of acute open fissure fracture of  the shaft of the tibia . This  revolutionized   the treatment of  non-union   fractures.       Joint designs      Joint replacements are not without problems and failures which necessitate revision surgeries. One of the main challen  ges is to avoid infections.  Bearing surface wear and tear,  their displacement and corrosion were challenges faced and are being overcome in varying degrees. Joint designs have moved from metal on metal to metal on  polyethylene and back to metal on metal  .
            


